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BUS RAPID TRANSIT ACCESSIBILITY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND FUTURE TRENDS
SUMMARY
Practices in the accessible design and operation of existing Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems in Latin America, Asia, and Africa are assessed in the light of current international trends toward the design and operation of integrated systems of mass public transit with universal design features. Specific design and operational issues that have created concerns are noted. The paper focuses on the unique potential of accessible BRT systems to serve as models for the incorporation of access features in other motorized and non-motorized transport modes in developing countries, especially in cities currently lacking positive examples of access to transport and related pedestrian infrastructure. Disabled persons, seniors, women, and children especially benefit if BRT systems incorporate universal design guidelines to assure full access by all passengers. This in turn can enlarge the political base required to promote the full spectrum of reforms found in many BRT systems in order to address the global warming and public health issues created by transit-related pollution as well as the high accident levels, traffic congestion, and passenger inconvenience caused by poorly designed and chaotic public transit systems.
Key Words: accessibility; Bus Rapid Transit (BRT); developing countries; air quality
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) has grown from its beginnings in Brazil to become a solution of choice for urban transport planners in cities around the world. The universal design concepts incorporated in many BRT systems lend themselves to differing degrees of accessibility for disabled and senior passengers. The purpose of this paper is (1) to assess trends in the accessible design and operation of BRT systems in developing countries and (2) to link these trends to the need to build stakeholder support for Bus Rapid Transit systems to address issues of air pollution, health, congestion, and safety.
What is Bus Rapid Transit?
“Bus Rapid Transit” incorporates most or all of a number of innovative concepts which
were first initiated in Curitiba, Brazil, then spread to cities in Ecuador and Colombia, and
now are being considered around the world. Typical BRT features include feeder routes integrated into trunk lines, the use of large (often articulated) buses on exclusive lanes on trunk line corridors, use of intelligent traffic control systems, and ramps leading to enclosed trunk line stations entered by passengers using fare cards and often featuring level boarding from raised platforms to buses which dock at center-island stations. The construction of BRT corridors also provides an opportunity to build improved pedestrian footways and bicycle paths to link with trunk line stations and feeder line bus stops as part of a larger approach toward “livable cities.” Indeed, BRT systems are best viewed as part of a package of reforms promoting sustainable urban environments.
were first initiated in Curitiba, Brazil, then spread to cities in Ecuador and Colombia, and
now are being considered around the world. Typical BRT features include feeder routes integrated into trunk lines, the use of large (often articulated) buses on exclusive lanes on trunk line corridors, use of intelligent traffic control systems, and ramps leading to enclosed trunk line stations entered by passengers using fare cards and often featuring level boarding from raised platforms to buses which dock at center-island stations. The construction of BRT corridors also provides an opportunity to build improved pedestrian footways and bicycle paths to link with trunk line stations and feeder line bus stops as part of a larger approach toward “livable cities.” Indeed, BRT systems are best viewed as part of a package of reforms promoting sustainable urban environments.
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